Basic OS Configuration (Linux: CentOS, Ubuntu, Debian; Windows Server) Print

This article guides you through the essential initial configurations for your Linux (CentOS, Ubuntu, Debian) or Windows Server operating system. Proper basic setup is crucial for security and stability.

1. Introduction
   • Brief overview of initial OS setup and the importance of basic configuration.
2. Linux Servers (CentOS, Ubuntu, Debian)
   • Updating the System: Keep your OS secure and up-to-date.
     • Ubuntu/Debian:sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
     • CentOS:sudo yum update -y
   • Creating a New User with Sudo Privileges (Recommended): Avoid using the 'root' user for daily tasks for security.
     • Add a new user:sudo adduser [username]
     • Grant 'sudo' privileges:
       • Ubuntu/Debian:sudo usermod -aG sudo [username]
       • CentOS:sudo usermod -aG wheel [username]
       • Then, ensure 'wheel' group is uncommented in /etc/sudoers (use 'visudo')
   • Changing Root/User Passwords:sudo passwd [username] # or 'sudo passwd root'
   • Setting the Hostname:sudo hostnamectl set-hostname [your-hostname]
     • Also, verify/edit /etc/hostname and /etc/hosts if necessary.
   • Time Synchronization (NTP): Ensure accurate server time.
     • Install NTP or Chrony (Ubuntu/Debian: apt install ntp; CentOS: yum install chrony).
     • Configure time servers (usually default is fine).
3. Windows Server
   • Initial Configuration Tasks (via Server Manager or graphical interface):
     • Setting Administrator Password upon first login.
     • Configuring Network Settings (assigning a Static IP address, subnet mask, gateway, and DNS servers).
     • Changing the Computer Name for easy identification.
     • Enabling Remote Desktop (RDP) for remote access.
   • Windows Updates:
     • Access Windows Update via "Settings" or "Server Manager" to check for and install critical updates.
   • Time Synchronization:
     • Adjust date and time settings and configure an external NTP server for accurate time.
   • Server Roles & Features (Brief Mention):
     • Utilize "Server Manager" -> "Add Roles and Features" to install necessary components like IIS, DNS Server, etc.
4. Conclusion
   • Proper initial OS configuration forms the secure and stable foundation for all services you will run on your server. Always prioritize security by keeping systems updated and using non-root users for daily tasks.